Chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids is one of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies ; however, its risk to humans is still obscure. An increase in number of diseased deer in North America has raised concerns regarding the CWD risk to humans. We demonstrated that the con-firmatory procedures and the commercial diagnostic kits for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) can be adopted for the diagnosis of CWD. No CWD case was confirmed in the surveillance of 558 cervids that were examined between 2003 and 2006 in Japan.