Myelin-associated oligodendrocytic basic protein (MOBP) is a central nervous system (CNS)-specific myelin constituent important in stabilizing the unique multi-layered structure of the CNS-myelin sheath. Although autoimmunity against MOBP has been associated with multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, anti-MOBP pathogenic T cells have been poorly investigated as compared to T cells against other encephalitogenic myelin proteins. We have recently determined MOBP15-36 as the major encephalitogenic epitope of MOBP for SJL/J mice. In this study, epitope-specificity was dissected to the level of residues crucial for activation/control of MOBP-specific encephalitogenic T cells. Structural bioinformatic analysis of MOBP15-36/I-A(s) interaction and experimental data have determined MOBP21F and MOBP27P of I-A(s)-binding nonameric core epitope (MOBP20-28) as TCR-contact residues critical for functional activation of encephalitogenic MOBP-specific T cells. Accordingly, the non-encephalitogenic/nonstimulatory pMOBP16-21A27A-33 inhibited encephalitogenic MOBP-reactive T cells, shifted their cytokine secretion profile, and effectively suppressed pMOBP15-36-induced EAE. Moreover, pMOBP16-21A27A-33 fully reversed ongoing clinical EAE induced by whole MOBP as well as by pMOBP15-36. Data show that encephalitogenic MOBP-reactive T cells are predominantly focused to recognition of MOBP21F and MOBP27P, and suggest that both their selection and control are governed by MOBP21F and MOBP27P epitopic residues. Such focused epitopic recognition may affect profoundly on peripheral self-tolerance to MOBP and on potential altered peptide ligand-mediated therapy of MOBP-related autoimmune pathogenesis.