Background: Keloid is a hypertrophic scar that may arise within 6 months after injury in susceptible individuals. Different therapies like surgical excision, intralesional steroid injections, local application of pressure, or postoperative irradiation with x-rays or electrons are reported. Although an immediate starting of therapy after surgery is usually recommended, delayed radiotherapy may also be effective.
Case report: We report on a 48 year old women with a history of an invasive ductal carcinoma in the upper lateral quadrant of the left breast. A breast conserving tumor resection with axillary dissection was performed. An adapting reduction mammaplasty was carried out on the right breast for cosmetic reasons at the same time. 5 weeks after surgery, adjuvant radiotherapy was applied with a total dose of 59 Gy to the left breast. 10 weeks after surgery and by the end of radiotherapy, a keloid had developed on the right breast with reduction mammaplasty, but not on the left irradiated one. 8 months after initial surgery the patient's keloid formation on the right mamma was removed by surgical resection and a keloid prevention with postoperative radiotherapy with 20 Gy was performed.
Conclusion: Postoperative radiation of the scar prevented effectively keloid formation while simultaneously a hypertrophic scar developed in the non-irradiated scar.