Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the presence of chimeric protein BCR-ABL associated with high tyrosine kinase (TK) activity, which leads to cell tumorogenicity, resistance to apoptosis, and differentiation. Gossypol is a natural polyphenolic compound isolated from cottonseed and has antiproliferative activity in a variety of cancer cell lines. (-)Gossypol is proved the potent component. Here we examined the growth inhibitory effect of (-)gossypol and its combination with imatinib in K562 cells. (-)Gossypol inhibited cell growth, promoted apoptosis, induced DeltaPsim loss, and cytochrome C release. Furthermore, (-)gossypol had a synergistic inhibitory effect on growth in K562 cells when combined with imatinib. Enhanced apoptosis, cytochrome C release, and caspase 3 cleavage as well as noticeable decrease of Mcl-1 and Bcl-XL were observed in K562 cells treated with both (-)gossypol and imatinib. These results suggest that (-)gossypol induced apoptosis in K562 cells through a mitochondria pathway and that the combination of imatinib and (-)gossypol might be an effective treatment for CML.
MeSH terms
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Apoptosis / drug effects*
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Benzamides
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Caspase 3 / metabolism
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Cell Proliferation / drug effects
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Cytochromes c / metabolism
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Down-Regulation / drug effects
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Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
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Enzyme Activation / drug effects
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Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / metabolism
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Gossypol / administration & dosage
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Gossypol / pharmacology*
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Humans
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Imatinib Mesylate
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K562 Cells
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Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / enzymology
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Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / metabolism
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Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / pathology*
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Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / drug effects
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Mitochondria / drug effects
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Mitochondria / metabolism
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Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein
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Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism
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Piperazines / administration & dosage
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Piperazines / pharmacology*
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / metabolism
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Pyrimidines / administration & dosage
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Pyrimidines / pharmacology*
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bcl-X Protein / metabolism
Substances
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BCL2L1 protein, human
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Benzamides
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Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein
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Neoplasm Proteins
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Piperazines
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
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Pyrimidines
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bcl-X Protein
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Imatinib Mesylate
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Cytochromes c
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Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
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Caspase 3
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Gossypol