The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS; Randolph, 1998), a neuropsychological screening measure initially designed to assess the cognitive deficits associated with dementia, has since been clinically implemented with other neurological populations including traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study evaluated the clinical utility of the RBANS in a TBI population by comparing the profiles of 51 TBI cases and 34 non-head-injured controls. Across RBANS' Index Scores, the TBI group performed at a significantly lower level than the controls; sensitivity to TBI and likelihood ratios ranged from modest to strong; and specificity was high. Particularly efficacious was the clinical efficiency exhibited by the Total Scale Index (summary score) of the RBANS.