The surgical treatment of syringomyelia is still debatable and the result are often poor. Several surgical procedures, based on various proposed etiopathologies, have been developed but in many cases have proved completely ineffective. We have evaluated the follow-up of 69 syringomyelic patients, some operated on, some not, in the search for clues to the management of the disease. For this purpose we devised a rating system, which we describe. 31 patients underwent surgery while 38 received no treatment. We found that half of the patients deteriorated, whether they were operated on or not; only 1 in 5 improved and the rest remained stable. For surgical treatment to be successful, the disease must be in rapid evolution but without definite paraparesis.