The authors present some pathological findings in the skin and hair of the child affected by rather rare Bloch-Sulzberg syndrome manifested in incontinentia pigmenti, followed for 10 years. In this work are presented also some recent data about pathogenesis of the disease with X-chromosome dominant heredity, primary of neuroectodermal origincaused by mutation of nuclear factor kappa-B of essential modulator (NEMO) of the gene (chromosomal locus Xq28).