Micropaleontological evidence for increased meridional heat transport in the north atlantic ocean during the pliocene

Science. 1992 Nov 13;258(5085):1133-5. doi: 10.1126/science.258.5085.1133.

Abstract

The Middle Pliocene ( approximately 3 million years ago) has been identified as the last time the Earth was significantly warmer than it was during the Last Interglacial and Holocene. A quantitative micropaleontological paleotemperature transect from equator to high latitudes in the North Atlantic indicates that Middle Pliocene warmth involved increased meridional oceanic heat transport.