The purpose of the study was to identify psychosocial correlates of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in pediatric cancer patients after completion of cancer treatment. Multiple regression analyses were performed to predict self-reported HRQoL of 52 patients aged 8 to 15 years, and parent-reported HRQoL of 54 patients aged 1 to 5 years. Cognitive coping, family functioning, parental emotional reactions, communication about the disease, and several medical variables were included in the regression models. Better HRQoL was especially associated with more positive expectations of the further course of the disease and less frequent parental asking after disease-related emotions of the child. Interventions should include "positive thinking" as a coping strategy. Several other psychosocial variables were indicative of better HRQoL but further research is needed to confirm and to understand the relationship between psychosocial variables and HRQoL.