Based on the study of 2000 bone marrow trepanobiopsy specimens from patients with different types of lymphoproliferative diseases, the authors present the incidence and specific features of specific bone marrow lesion and the state of normal hemopoiesis and stroma. They also give data of bone marrow immunohistochemical studies using a many mono- and polyclonal antibody panels. The criteria for the differential diagnosis of reactive polyclonal lymphoid proliferation in the bone marrow that may accompany many hematological and non-hematological diseases with specific bone marrow lesion in lymphoproliferative diseases are outlined. The high diagnostic value of a study of bone marrow trepanobiopsy specimens is shown in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases.