The porcine immune system differs in many aspects from that of humans and mice. Morphological differences in the lymphatic system (e.g. lymph nodes, Peyer's patches), and phenotypic differences in immune cells have been observed as well as functional differences in immune cell populations. Indeed, even the prenatal development of the embryonic piglet proceeds in a principally different way. However, it remains unclear to what extent these differences might contribute to the predisposition to and outcomes of bacterial infections, in particular those with zoonotic potential. In the following article we will review some of the peculiarities of the porcine immune system and consider possible implications for the course of infections in swine, with an emphasis on Salmonella serovars.