Magnetic resonance image-guided salvage brachytherapy after radiation in select men who initially presented with favorable-risk prostate cancer: a prospective phase 2 study

Cancer. 2007 Oct 1;110(7):1485-92. doi: 10.1002/cncr.22934.

Abstract

Background: The authors prospectively evaluated the late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) control of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided brachytherapy used as salvage for radiation therapy (RT) failure.

Methods: From October 2000 to October 2005, 25 men with a rising PSA level and biopsy-proven, intraprostatic cancer at least 2 years after initial RT (external beam in 13 men and brachytherapy in 12 men) who had favorable clinical features (Gleason score < or =7, PSA < 10 ng/mL, negative pelvic and bone imaging studies), received MRI-guided salvage brachytherapy to a minimum peripheral dose of 137 gray on a phase 1/2 protocol. Estimates of toxicity and cancer control were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results: The median follow-up was 47 months. The 4-year estimate of grade 3 or 4 GI or GU toxicity was 30%, and 13% of patients required a colostomy and/or urostomy to repair a fistula. An interval < 4.5 years between RT courses was associated with both outcomes with a hazard ratio of 12 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.4-100; P = .02) for grade 3 or 4 toxicity and 25 (95% CI, 1.1-529; P = .04) for colostomy and/or urostomy. PSA control (nadir +2 definition) was 70% at 4 years.

Conclusions: The current results indicated that MRI-guided salvage brachytherapy in men who are selected based on presenting characteristics and post-failure PSA kinetics can achieve high PSA control rates, although complications requiring surgical intervention may occur in 10% to 15% of patients. Prospective randomized studies are needed to characterize the relative cancer control and toxicity after all forms of salvage local therapy.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial, Phase II
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Brachytherapy* / adverse effects
  • Brachytherapy* / methods
  • Carcinoma / immunology
  • Carcinoma / radiotherapy*
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases / etiology
  • Humans
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
  • Male
  • Male Urogenital Diseases / etiology
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / immunology
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / radiotherapy*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen / blood
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / immunology
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / radiotherapy*
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Salvage Therapy / methods*
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Prostate-Specific Antigen