Self-reinforced polylactide-polyglycolide (80/20) composite rods, 2 mm in diameter and 36 mm in length, were implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of 20 rabbits. Osteotomies of the distal femur were fixed with these rods (2x15 mm) in the rabbits. The follow-up times varied from 3 to 104 weeks. After sacrifice, three-point bending and shear tests and molecular weight measurements were performed for subcutaneously placed rods. Radiological, histological, microradiographic, oxytetracycline-fluorescence, and histomorphometrical studies of the osteotomized and intact control femora were performed. After 6 weeks the mechanical properties had decreased significantly, but osteotomies had healed uneventfully. The present investigation showed that the mechanical strength and fixation properties of SR-Polylactide-glycolide (80/20) rods are suitable for fixation of cancellous bone osteotomies in rabbits provided that the operative technique is correct. The present article is the first report on the application of these rods for fixation of cancellous bone osteotomies.