Voltammetry and amperometric detection of tetracyclines at multi-wall carbon nanotube modified electrodes

Anal Bioanal Chem. 2007 Oct;389(3):951-8. doi: 10.1007/s00216-007-1505-7. Epub 2007 Aug 2.

Abstract

The voltammetric behaviour and amperometric detection of tetracycline (TC) antibiotics at multi-wall carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrodes (MWCNT-GCE) are reported. Cyclic voltammograms of TCs showed enhanced oxidation responses at the MWCNT-GCE with respect to the bare GCE, attributable to the increased active electrode surface area. Hydrodynamic voltammograms obtained by flow-injection with amperometric detection at the MWCNT-GCE led us to select a potential value E(det) = +1.20 V. The repeatability of the amperometric responses was much better than that achieved with bare GCE (RSD ranged from 7 to 12%), with RSD values for i (p) of around 3%, thus demonstrating the antifouling capability of MWCNT modified electrodes. An HPLC method with amperometric electrochemical detection (ED) at the MWCNT-GCE was developed for tetracycline, oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline and doxycycline (DC). A mobile phase consisting of 18:82 acetonitrile/0.05 mol L(-1) phosphate buffer of pH 2.5 was selected. The limits of detection ranged from 0.09 micromol L(-1) for OTC to 0.44 micromol L(-1) for DC. The possibility to carry out multiresidue analysis is demonstrated. The HPLC-ED/MWCNT-GCE method was applied to the analysis of fish farm pool water and underground well water samples spiked with the four TCs at 2.0 x 10(-7) mol L(-1). Solid-phase extraction was accomplished for the preconcentration of the analytes and clean-up of the samples. Recoveries ranged from 87 +/- 6 to 99 +/- 3%. Under preconcentration conditions, limits of detection in the water samples were between 0.50 and 3.10 ng mL(-1).

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / analysis*
  • Biosensing Techniques / instrumentation
  • Biosensing Techniques / methods*
  • Buffers
  • Chlortetracycline / analysis
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Doxycycline / analysis
  • Electrochemistry
  • Electrodes
  • Food Analysis / methods
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Nanotubes, Carbon / chemistry*
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Oxytetracycline / analysis
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Tetracyclines / analysis*
  • Water / chemistry

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Buffers
  • Nanotubes, Carbon
  • Tetracyclines
  • Water
  • Doxycycline
  • Chlortetracycline
  • Oxytetracycline