Calcium-binding to lens betaB2- and betaA3-crystallins suggests that all beta-crystallins are calcium-binding proteins

FEBS J. 2007 Aug;274(16):4135-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05941.x. Epub 2007 Jul 25.

Abstract

Crystallins are the major proteins of a mammalian eye lens. The topologically similar eye lens proteins, beta- and gamma-crystallins, are the prototype and founding members of the betagamma-crystallin superfamily. Betagamma-crystallins have until recently been regarded as structural proteins. However, the calcium-binding properties of a few members and the potential role of betagamma-crystallins in fertility are being investigated. Because the calcium-binding elements of other member proteins, such as spherulin 3a, are not present in betaB2-crystallin and other betagamma-crystallins from fish and mammalian genomes, it was argued that lens betagamma-crystallins should not bind calcium. In order to probe whether beta-crystallins can bind calcium, we selected one basic (betaB2) and one acidic (betaA3) beta-crystallin for calcium-binding studies. Using calcium-binding assays such as 45Ca overlay, terbium binding, Stains-All and isothermal titration calorimetry, we established that both betaB2- and betaA3-crystallin bind calcium with moderate affinity. There was no significant change in their conformation upon binding calcium as monitored by fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy. However, 15N-1H heteronuclear single quantum correlation NMR spectroscopy revealed that amide environment of several residues underwent changes indicating calcium ligation. With the corroboration of calcium-binding to betaB2- and betaA3-crystallins, we suggest that all beta-crystallins bind calcium. Our results have important implications for understanding the calcium-related cataractogenesis and maintenance of ionic homeostasis in the lens.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Binding Sites
  • Calcium / metabolism*
  • Calcium / pharmacology
  • Calcium Radioisotopes
  • Calcium-Binding Proteins / chemistry
  • Calcium-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • Calcium-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
  • Calorimetry / methods
  • Cattle
  • Circular Dichroism
  • Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
  • Lens, Crystalline / metabolism*
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Conformation / drug effects
  • Recombinant Proteins / chemistry
  • Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
  • Sequence Alignment
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence
  • Titrimetry / methods
  • alpha-Crystallins / chemistry
  • alpha-Crystallins / genetics
  • alpha-Crystallins / metabolism
  • beta-Crystallin B Chain / chemistry
  • beta-Crystallin B Chain / genetics
  • beta-Crystallin B Chain / metabolism
  • beta-Crystallins / chemistry
  • beta-Crystallins / genetics
  • beta-Crystallins / metabolism*

Substances

  • Calcium Radioisotopes
  • Calcium-Binding Proteins
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • alpha-Crystallins
  • beta-Crystallin B Chain
  • beta-Crystallins
  • beta-crystallin B2
  • Calcium