Background: Basic conventional prognostic factors for breast cancer include the age of the patient, tumor grade, regional lymph nodes status, and estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status. Positivity of the HER2 receptor (c-erbB-2) seems to be a new prognostic and predictive factor. Prognostic factors seem to be more important in the high-risk group of the premenopausal females. We evaluated individual prognostic factors (age, histology, TNM classification, ER, PR, CA 15-3, CEA, HER2) and their impact on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) during the 5-year follow-up period.
Patients and methods: Forty-two patients were monitored after standard oncology treatment for a period of at least 5 years. The statistical significance of the individual prognostic parameters was evaluated in relationship to the time to progression (DFS and OS).
Results: The following were evaluated as statistically significant prognostic parameters for DFS: PR positivity (p = 0.0036), proliferative marker MIB1 (p = 0.0108), pre-operative level of CA 15-3 (p = 0.0425), ER negativity (p = 0.0507). The following were evaluated as statistically significant prognostic parameters for OS: PR positivity (p = 0.0003), MIB1 (p = 0.0005), ER (p = 0.0440), pre-operative level of CEA (p = 0.0495). Positivity of immunohistochemically performed test of c-erbB-2 was not statistically significant for DFS os OS (p = 0.6361 and 0.9323, respectively).
Conclusion: The statistically significant prognostic importance of the levels of tumor markers CA 15-3 and CEA for prognosis in breast cancer of premenopausal females was proven. So far, these factors have been underestimated. The prognostic parameters of ER, PR and MIB1 were statistically significant. While no prognostic importance was confirmed for c-erbB-2 positivity; this factor cannot be evaluated in premenopausal females separately from the other prognostic factors due to the predictive value in relation to the adjuvant therapy (patients with HER+, ER+, PR-).