The human Bocavirus (HBoV), the second member of the parvovirus family, which displays pathogenicity in humans, has been described in 2005 by Allander et al.. It seems to be distributed worldwide and has been isolated mainly in infants and children with respiratory tract infection. This review covers all studies published on HBoV to February 2007 and discusses this emerging viral pathogen from the perspective of inpatient medical treatment centers.