Fungal keratitis is the most common and severe infectious corneal diseases in many developing countries. The disease has become the leading cause of corneal blindness in China. It is imperative to study deeply on pathogenesis of fungal keratitis for lowering its incidence, increasing therapeutic option and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This article reviewed the advances of related factors in pathogenesis of fungal keratitis including fungal virulence factors and host defense mechanisms.