Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the interfacial fracture toughness of smooth and roughened ceramic surfaces bonded with a luting resin using an optimized method of silane treatment.
Methods: Ceramic discs were prepared with four different surface preparations (n=20) consisting of (1) polished, (2) gritblasted, (3) hydrofluoric acid etched and (4) gritblasted and etched. The ceramic discs were then covered by a PTFE tape with a chevron shaped circular hole. The exposed surfaces were treated by an optimized silane treatment followed by an unfilled resin and then a luting resin. Specimens were then stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for (A) 24h and (B) 30 days. The interfacial fracture toughness was measured, the mode of failure and fracture surfaces were also examined under a stereo-zoom microscope and a scanning electron microscope.
Results: One-way ANOVA showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean interfacial fracture toughness for groups A1-A4 (P>0.05). However, the mean interfacial fracture toughness for group B1 was significantly different from that for groups B2, B3 and B4 (P<0.05). Independent-samples t-test results showed that there was a significant increase in the G(Ic) mean value for groups B2 and B3 after 30 days water storage (P<0.05). The modes of failure were predominantly interfacial or cohesive within the resin.
Significance: It can be concluded that micro-mechanical retention by gritblasting the ceramic surfaces could be sufficient with no need for HF acid etching the ceramic surfaces when an appropriate silane application procedure is used.