Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 productively infects immature dendritic cells and blocks maturation

J Gen Virol. 2007 Jul;88(Pt 7):1896-1905. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.82931-0.

Abstract

Many viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade host immunity by subverting the function of dendritic cells (DCs). This study determined whether murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (gamma HV-68) could infect immature or mature bone-marrow-derived DCs and what effect infection had on DC maturation. It was found that gamma HV-68 productively infected immature DCs, as evidenced by increased viral titres over time. If DCs were induced to mature by exposure to LPS and then infected with gamma HV-68, only a small percentage of cells was productively infected. However, limiting-dilution assays to measure viral reactivation demonstrated that the mature DCs were latently infected with gamma HV-68. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of capsids in the nucleus of immature DCs but not in mature DCs. Interestingly, infection of immature DCs by gamma HV-68 did not result in upregulation of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 or MHC class I and II, or induce cell migration, suggesting that the virus infection did not induce DC maturation. Furthermore, gamma HV-68 infection of immature DCs did not result in elevated interleukin-12, an important cytokine in the induction of T-cell responses. Finally, lipopolysaccharide and poly(I : C) stimulation of gamma HV-68-infected immature DCs did not induce increases in the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and MHC class I or II compared with mock-treated cells, suggesting that gamma HV-68 infection blocked maturation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that gamma HV-68 infection of DCs differs depending on the maturation state of the DC. Moreover, the block in DC maturation suggests a possible immunoevasion strategy by gamma HV-68.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Aotidae
  • Bone Marrow Cells / drug effects
  • Bone Marrow Cells / immunology
  • Bone Marrow Cells / pathology
  • Bone Marrow Cells / virology
  • Cell Differentiation / drug effects
  • Cell Line
  • Chemotaxis
  • Dendritic Cells / drug effects
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology
  • Dendritic Cells / pathology
  • Dendritic Cells / virology*
  • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
  • Herpesviridae Infections / pathology
  • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Interleukin-10 / biosynthesis
  • Interleukin-12 / biosynthesis
  • Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • NIH 3T3 Cells
  • Poly I-C / pharmacology
  • Rhadinovirus / immunology
  • Rhadinovirus / pathogenicity*
  • Tumor Virus Infections / immunology
  • Tumor Virus Infections / pathology
  • Tumor Virus Infections / virology

Substances

  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Interleukin-10
  • Interleukin-12
  • Poly I-C