Abstract
In nature, ribosomally synthesized proteins can contain at least 22 different amino acids: the 20 common amino acids as well as selenocysteine and pyrrolysine. Each of these amino acids is inserted into proteins codon-specifically via an aminoacyl-transfer RNA (aa-tRNA). In most cases, these aa-tRNAs are biosynthesized directly by a set of highly specific and accurate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). However, in some cases aaRSs with relaxed or novel substrate specificities cooperate with other enzymes to generate specific canonical and non-canonical aminoacyl-tRNAs.
MeSH terms
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Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases / metabolism
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Aspartate-tRNA Ligase / metabolism
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Bacteria / enzymology
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RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl / biosynthesis
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RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl / chemistry
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RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl / metabolism
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RNA, Transfer, Asn / biosynthesis
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RNA, Transfer, Asn / chemistry
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RNA, Transfer, Cys / biosynthesis
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RNA, Transfer, Cys / chemistry
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RNA, Transfer, Gln / biosynthesis
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RNA, Transfer, Gln / chemistry
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Transfer RNA Aminoacylation*
Substances
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RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl
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RNA, Transfer, Asn
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RNA, Transfer, Cys
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RNA, Transfer, Gln
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selenocysteinyl-tRNA
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Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases
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Aspartate-tRNA Ligase
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cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase
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glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase
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asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase