The work is devoted to analysis of various methods of assessment and control of house dust mites population and mite allergens in city dwellings using own results and the literature data. Data about in-house dust mites biology and ecology, mechanisms of their migration and circulation in modern city conditions are presented. The comparison of several methods of mites number assessment and mite allergens exposure (classical acarological analysis, colorimetric method of guanine detection in house dust, immunochemical methods) has been performed and their advantages and disadvantages analyzed. As choice of adequate avoidance measures is one of the key question, various such measures (mechanical, physical and chemical) have been compared.