The mesenchymal stem cells are a cell population of bone marrow, which have the capacity to differentiate towards all the cells from the locomotor apparatus. They also have immunomodulatory properties and can contribute to tissue repair, thanks to the secretion of many growth factors. Such cells are also found in the cord blood. In the same way, very close stem cells exist in great quantity in fat tissue. These cells are very good candidates in regenerative medicine. Besides, several clinical trials were carried out in order to highlight their effectiveness mainly in osseous repair and also during hematopoietic stem cells graft or cardiac repair after infarction. However, these trials will be able to develop fully only with the condition that culture techniques meeting the conditions of good manufacturing practice are set-up. This presentation gives a progress report on the whole of these subjects.