A simplified formula for T1 contrast optimization for short-TR steady-state incoherent (spoiled) gradient echo sequences

Magn Reson Imaging. 2007 Dec;25(10):1397-401. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2007.03.026. Epub 2007 May 16.

Abstract

There are certain instances in practical magnetic resonance imaging where T1 changes by a small amount relative to a neighboring pixel or between scans for a given pixel. The source of these small changes in T1 can be caused either by changes in tissue water content or by the uptake of a contrast agent. For short repetition time (TR) spoiled gradient echo imaging, we show that a robust and a simple, easy to use back-of-the-envelope expression for the flip angle that optimizes contrast under these conditions is given by radical 3theta E in radians or (180/pi) radical6TR/T1 in degrees. We show that for a TR/T1 ratio of up to 0.3 and for a T1 change of up to +/-50%, this approximation to the optimal flip angle produces a contrast to within 6% of the theoretical maximum value and that these predictions are in good agreement with experiment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms*
  • Contrast Media / administration & dosage*
  • Echo-Planar Imaging / instrumentation
  • Echo-Planar Imaging / methods*
  • Humans
  • Image Enhancement / methods*
  • Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / methods*
  • Phantoms, Imaging
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sensitivity and Specificity

Substances

  • Contrast Media