Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways with an impact on the life of the patient, his family and the society. Asthma is the most common chronic disease of the childhood. Consequently, prevention and treatment of asthma are real challenges in public health. Treatment includes two levels: prevention and medication treatment. Prevention is to avoid one or several causes of asthma and risk factors of exacerbations particularly in high risk population. Medication treatment includes the reliever treatment and the maintenance treatment. Bronchodilatator treatment will be used in first line treatment in asthma attacks. Inhaled glucocorticosteroids are the most effective controller medications. No treatment is curative for asthma, establishing of therapeutic objectives is necessary. The reliever treatment, the maintenance treatment, the new classification of asthma and the new recommendations of therapeutic management will be discussed.