In the recent years lung sonography has overcome his pioneer phase with the contribution of significant data from authors of different disciplines. Today there is therefore a strong evidence that this diagnostic method could have an important impact for the diagnosis of cardiothoracic symptoms, mainly dyspnea, in emergency or in ambulatory medicine. Since the cardiologist already uses ultrasound for the study of the heart, he or she could consider the integrated cardiopulmonary sonography extremely attractive in this specific context. In this review the authors describe the anatomical, biophysical and clinical basis of lung ultrasonography in a cardiological setting.