Few studies have explored the long-term psychological effects on young adults of childhood transplants. The aim of the present work was to examine psychological adaptation related to self-concept, self-esteem and subjective well-being in young adults who had undergone solid organ transplantation in childhood. Twenty-four adults transplanted in childhood participated in the study (13 of them received kidney transplants, five heart transplants and six liver transplants). Participants were of both sexes, aged 18-22, and were selected from three public hospitals in Madrid. The results reveal no differences in psychological adaptation according to the transplant type (kidney, heart, or liver), and a significant difference in negative affect between women and men (women present more negative affect than men). Hierarchical regression analysis, after controlling for possible confounding effects of demographic and clinical variables, showed the predictive power of self-esteem to explain positive affect (60% of the total variance). Furthermore, physical self-concept, health status and time on waiting list explain 71% of the negative affect variance. Our data suggest the importance of self-esteem for the positive affect, and the power of clinical variables for the negative affect in young adults transplanted in childhood.