The use of plasma exchange (PE) in the autoimmune diseases is encouraged in France. Since 1990, the national registry of PE allows an analysis of the evolution of the coverage of these pathologies. The variation of the number of patients treated by PE is correlated in respect to the results of the therapeutic studies. After a decrease of PE activity in these indications during the 90s, one observes a new increase of the patients treated because of the validation of new indications. Autoimmune diseases represent the third cause of morbidity in developed countries, with a global prevalence of 5%, and concerns four groups of pathologies of organs or systems (neurology, haematology, nephrology and vasculitis). In 1976, Lockwood demonstrated the place of plasma exchanges (PE) in Goodpasture's syndrome [Lockwood CM, Rees AJ, Pearson TA, Evans DJ, Peters DK, Wilson CB. Immunosuppression and plasma exchange in the treatment of Goopasture's syndrome. Lancet 1976;1(7962):723-6. [1]], with a significant decrease of antibodies during large volume exchanges. In the 80s, several prospective studies began to estimate the efficiency of PE in other autoimmune diseases. The national registry of the Société Française d' Hémaphérèse, has collected the epidemiological and technical data of PE since 1985. This work analyses the evolution of the validated indications, between 1990 and 2005 in France.