Concomitance of infiltrative tuberculosis and lung cancer cannot be considered to be rare and sporadic. Thirty-seven patients with concomitance of these two diseases were followed up at the phthisiosurgical department of the Kostroma regional tuberculosis dispensary in 1979 to August 2005. Uni- and bilateral tuberculosis affliction occurred in 14 and 23 patients, respectively. Thirty-four cases developed cancer in the lung that exhibited tuberculous changes. In this group of patients, the central form of cancer prevailed over the peripheral one (33 versus 4 patients). Stages I, II, III, and IV cancer were established in 1, 3, 22, and 11 patients, respectively. Eleven patients were operated on.