The wettability of the (001), (100), and (011) crystallographic facets of macroscopic aspirin crystals has been experimentally investigated using a sessile drop contact angle (theta) method. theta for a nonpolar liquid was very similar for all three facets, though significant theta differences were observed for three polar probe liquids. The observed hydrophobicity of the (001) and (100) facets is ascribed to a reduced hydrogen bonding potential at these surfaces, whilst the observed hydrophilicity of facet (011) may be attributed to presence of surface carboxylic functionalities as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The dispersive component of the surface free energy (gamma(s)(d)) was similar for all three facets (35 +/- 2 mJ/m2). The total surface energy, gammas varied between 46 and 60 mJ/m2 due to significant variations in the polar/acid-base components of gamma for all facets. Surface polarity as determined by gamma measurements and XPS data were in good agreement, linking the variations in wettability to the concentration of oxygen containing surface functional groups. In conclusion, the wettability and the surface energy of a crystalline organic solid, such as aspirin, was found to be anisotropic and facet dependant, and in this case, related to the presence of surface carboxylic functionalities.
(c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.