The paper presents the results of a computed tomographic study of extraocular muscles (EOM) in 75 patients (131 orbits) without orbital pathology and different forms of endocrine ophthalmopathology. It also gives data on changes in EOM density and structure. The outline of the muscles has been studied at different stages of edematous exophthalmos and endocrine myopathy. The obtained quantitative results of EOM changes allow one to make a differential diagnosis of different forms of endocrine ophthalmopathy and to plan treatment of these patients.