The purpose of this study was to determine whether newly established surgeons who have completed dedicated post-fellowship training are able to achieve surgical outcomes comparable to their more experienced peers. A cross-sectional study of consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy (TT) or completion thyroidectomy was carried out. Outcomes measured included unplanned return to the operating theatre, postoperative infection, permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury and permanent hypoparathyroidism. Outcomes were categorized according to whether surgery was carried out by an established surgeon (ES) or a newly appointed surgeon (NAS). Eight hundred and nine TT and completion thyroidectomy procedures were carried out in the period January 2002 to December 2004. Of these, 515 (64%) were carried out by ES and 294 (36%) were carried out by NAS. The overall rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism and RLN injury was 1.4% (12/809) and 0.6% (5/809), respectively. The rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism was not significantly different between the two categories of surgeon (ES 1.35% vs NAS 1.7%; P = 0.7). The incidence of permanent RLN injury was not different between the two groups (ES 0.8% vs NAS 0.3%; P = 0.4). For NAS, the rate of permanent RLN injury for the first two years of independent practice did not differ significantly from 3 to 4 years of practice (0/123 vs 1/171; P = 0.4). Indications for surgery between the two groups were similar, with ES carrying out TT for benign goitre in 42% and cancer in 28%, and NAS 44 and 32%, respectively. Surgical outcomes for the newly established endocrine surgeon following subspecialty training are equivalent to those achieved by more experienced surgeons.