Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of chronic renal disease in hyperglycemic population of Shanghai Caoyang Community.
Methods: Microalbuminuria was determined by measuring urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from fasting serum creatinine.
Results: A total of 406 Shanghai Chinese, with the average age of 67.5 +/- 13.8 years (244 with diabetes mellitus and 162 with impaired glucose regulation) from the established hyperglycemic cohort were included. (1) The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 20.9% and 10.5% in the subjects with diabetes and impaired glucose regulation (IGR); (2) The prevalence of a cGFR >or= 60 and < 90, >or= 30 and < 60, < 30 mlxmin(-1)x(1.73 m(2))(-1) were 41.6%, 37.0%, 1.2% respectively in the patients with diabetes, and 34.2%, 47.2%, 1.9% in the patients with IGR. Impaired renal function was 38.2% and 49.1% respectively in the subjects with diabetes and IGR; (3) The prevalence of microalbuminuria was significantly higher in the diabetic patients with hypertension, central obesity, dyslipidemia, history of cardiovascular disease or selinity. Systolic blood pressure, waist circumstance, fasting plasma glucose and history of cardiovascular disease were all independently associated with hyperglycemic microalbuminuria; (4) cGFR was diminished with increased age and the impaired renal function was more frequent in the patients with hypertension (48.5%). There was a significant positive correlation between a diminished cGFR and increasing levels of ACR after the patients with macroalbuminuria were deleted and adjusted age. Serum creatinine, age and systolic blood pressure were independently associated with diabetic cGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2).
Conclusions: The high prevalence of microalbuminuria and impaired renal function in the hyperglycemic population of Caoyang Community underlines the need for cost-effective programs for the detection of chronic renal disease, and approaches to screen it in the hyperglycemic patients should incorporate assessment of GFR in addition to monitoring urine albumin excretion.