Quantitative determination of 1,4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran in groundwater by solid phase extraction GC/MS/MS

Environ Sci Technol. 2006 Dec 1;40(23):7305-11. doi: 10.1021/es0615270.

Abstract

Groundwater contamination by cyclic ethers, 1,4-dioxane (dioxane), a probable human carcinogen, and tetrahydrofuran (THF), a co-contaminant at many chlorinated solvent release sites, are a growing concern. Cyclic ethers are readily transported in groundwater, yet little is known about their fate in environmental systems. High water solubility coupled with low Henry's law constants and octanol-water partition coefficients make their removal from groundwater problematic for both remedial and analytical purposes. A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method based on activated carbon disks was developed for the quantitative determination of dioxane and THF. The method requires 80 mL samples and a total of 1.2 mL of solvent (acetone). The number of steps is minimized due to the "in-vial" elution of the disks. Average recoveries for dioxane and THF were 98% and 95%, respectively, with precision, as indicated by the relative standard deviation of <2% to 6%. The method quantitation limits are 0.31 microg/L for dioxane and 3.1 microg/L for THF. The method was demonstrated by analyzing groundwater samples for dioxane and THF collected during a single sampling campaign at a TCA-impacted site. Dioxane concentrations and areal extent of dioxane in groundwater were greater than those of either TCA or THF.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / methods*
  • Dioxanes / analysis*
  • Environmental Monitoring / methods*
  • Environmental Monitoring / statistics & numerical data
  • Fresh Water / chemistry*
  • Furans / analysis*
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*

Substances

  • Dioxanes
  • Furans
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • tetrahydrofuran
  • 1,4-dioxane