Role of protein frame and solvent for the redox properties of azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 26;103(52):19641-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0607890103. Epub 2006 Dec 18.

Abstract

We have coupled hybrid quantum mechanics (density functional theory; Car-Parrinello)/molecular mechanics molecular dynamics simulations to a grand-canonical scheme, to calculate the in situ redox potential of the Cu(2+) + e(-) --> Cu(+) half reaction in azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An accurate description at atomistic level of the environment surrounding the metal-binding site and finite-temperature fluctuations of the protein structure are both essential for a correct quantitative description of the electronic properties of this system. We report a redox potential shift with respect to copper in water of 0.2 eV (experimental 0.16 eV) and a reorganization free energy lambda = 0.76 eV (experimental 0.6-0.8 eV). The electrostatic field of the protein plays a crucial role in fine tuning the redox potential and determining the structure of the solvent. The inner-sphere contribution to the reorganization energy is negligible. The overall small value is mainly due to solvent rearrangement at the protein surface.

MeSH terms

  • Azurin / chemistry*
  • Azurin / metabolism*
  • Binding Sites
  • Computational Biology
  • Computer Simulation
  • Copper / chemistry
  • Copper / metabolism
  • Models, Molecular
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa / chemistry*
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa / metabolism*
  • Solvents
  • Static Electricity

Substances

  • Solvents
  • Azurin
  • Copper