The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ingesting high-sucrose (HSD) and high-lipid diets (HLD) on the concentrations of plasma glucose and leptin in lean and overweight women. Twenty healthy women were selected: 13 lean (G1) and 7 overweight (G2). The test diets HSD (23% sucrose) and HLD (45% lipid) were calculated for intake under non-restrictive conditions during 14 days. Anthropometry, body composition, plasma glucose and leptin determinations were carried out. The fasting and postprandial plasma leptin values were higher in G2 (p< 0.05), correlating positively with the anthropometry and body composition data (p< 0.05), and special positive correlation with hip circumference. Glucose and leptin concentrations did not differ between diets. Circulating glucose 30 (p< 0.01) and 60 (p< 0.05) minutes after ingestion of HSD were positively correlated with postprandial leptin concentration. The results confirm the positive association between plasma leptin concentration and body fat, specifically the subcutaneous fat tissue, and suggest that more studies are necessary to identify the modulating role of energy intake and macronutrients profile on leptin concentration.