We compared functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) for the mapping of receptive language function. Participants performed the same language task in the two different imaging environments. MEG activation profiles showed prominent bilateral activity in superior temporal gyrus and left-lateralized activity in middle temporal gyrus. fMRI activation profiles revealed bilateral activity in prefrontal, superior temporal, middle temporal, and visual areas. Laterality quotients derived from the two modalities showed poor agreement between the two methods for commonly active regions of interest. Locations of peak activity also varied considerably within participants between the two methods.