A field experiment with japonica rice variety Wuxiangjing 14 in 2002-2005 showed that the appropriate sowing rate was 150-180 g per tray (1624 cm2), seedling-strengthening agent was more conducive than compound fertilizer in improving the quality of machine-transplanted seedlings, the rational dose of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O) was 150 g x m(-2), seedlings should be machine-transplanted within 21 days after sowing, densely planting a fewer seedlings in each cluster could improve the individual and population quality of machine-transplanted rice, and applying 315 kg x hm(-2) of N and 6:4 of basal-tillering: heading fertilizer could obtain the highest rice yield. The marked increase of glumous flowers per unit area was the main cause of the increase of machine-transplanted rice yield.