[Permanent pacemaker implantation in patients with persistent left superior vena cava and absent right superior vena cava. Report of three cases]

Abstract

Persistent left superior vena cava and absent right superior vena cava is an uncommon anatomical association. This is a challenging situation for permanent pacemaker implantation. We report three patients with this anomaly and a permanent pacemaker successfully implanted through the left superior vena cava and coronary sinus, without acute or chronic complications.