Vascular phenotype and subclinical inflammation in diabetic Asian Indians without overt cardiovascular disease

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007 Jun;76(3):390-6. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.09.021. Epub 2006 Oct 24.

Abstract

Although Asian Indian (AI) patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), not all patients develop CVD. The vascular phenotype of AI-DM2 without CVD has not been elucidated and may point to protective features. Using baseline data from a clinical trial we provide an initial description of vascular parameters in AI-DM2 compared to Europid Caucasian controls (ECs) matched for age and gender. Endpoints of the study were endothelial function, low-grade systemic inflammation (CRP) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). AIs had longer duration of diabetes, worse glycemic control and more microangiopathy. Both groups demonstrated marked endothelial dysfunction. CRP levels were similar: 1.7 (4.9) mg/L in AIs and 2.8 (3.6) mg/L in ECs. cIMT values were significantly lower in AI-DM2 than EC-DM2 (0.655mm (0.12) versus 0.711mm (0.15), p=0.03). Multiple regression analysis showed that variability in CRP was mainly determined by waist circumference, not by ethnicity. In contrast, ethnicity was a significantly explanatory variable for cIMT. Vascular phenotype of AI-DM2 without CVD was characterized by endothelial dysfunction and relatively low levels of CRP, comparable to EC-DM2 controls. In contrast, lower cIMT values were observed in AI-DM2 despite longer duration of diabetes and worse metabolic control. We propose that mechanisms slowing its progression may have atheroprotective potential in AI-DM2.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Anthropometry
  • Asian People
  • C-Reactive Protein / analysis*
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / etiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / pathology
  • Carotid Arteries / pathology
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / physiopathology*
  • Electrocardiography
  • Female
  • Fibrinogen / analysis*
  • Humans
  • Inflammation / physiopathology*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Netherlands
  • Phenotype
  • Suriname / ethnology

Substances

  • Fibrinogen
  • C-Reactive Protein