Proton acceleration from microdroplet spray by weakly relativistic femtosecond laser pulses

Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2006 Sep;74(3 Pt 2):036405. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.036405. Epub 2006 Sep 26.

Abstract

Angular distribution of protons is measured from ethanol droplet spray irradiated by linearly polarized 150 fs laser pulses at an intensity of 1.1 x 10(16)W/cm2. Fast protons (with energies >16 keV ) with an anisotropic distribution can be observed only in or near the polarization plane of the laser fields, while the slow protons (with energies <or=16 keV ) emit with nearly an isotropic distribution. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations suggest that three groups of protons originate from different acceleration regimes in the laser-droplet interaction. The first group with the highest energies is accelerated backwards by the anisotropic charge-separation field near the front surface (laser-droplet interaction side) due to the resonance absorption; the second group (forward emission) is generated by the target-normal sheath acceleration mechanism; and the third group, with the lowest energies, is accelerated by the hydrodynamic expansion of the droplet plasmas.