Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and its associated risk factors. The susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were tested against four first-line antituberculous drugs and were typed by spoligotyping. Spoligotyping of M. tuberculosis strains resulted in 95 different patterns that were divided into three evolutionary groups (1-3). Eighty-six (90%) of the isolates had unique patterns that were reported for the first time. Interestingly, 9.4% of the strains belonged to the Beijing family. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was seen in group 1 of the evolutionary scenario. All M. tuberculosis isolates belonging to the Beijing family were associated with a resistance pattern. MDR was much higher in bacteria isolated from Afghan TB patients residing in Iran.
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Afghanistan / epidemiology
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Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
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Antibiotics, Antitubercular / therapeutic use
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Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / drug effects*
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Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / genetics
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Ethambutol / therapeutic use
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Genotype
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Humans
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Iran / epidemiology
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Isoniazid / therapeutic use
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Microbial Sensitivity Tests
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Middle Aged
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Molecular Epidemiology
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis / drug effects*
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis / genetics
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis / isolation & purification*
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Prevalence
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Rifampin / therapeutic use
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Risk Factors
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Streptomycin / therapeutic use
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Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / drug therapy*
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Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / epidemiology*
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Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / genetics
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Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / microbiology
Substances
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Anti-Bacterial Agents
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Antibiotics, Antitubercular
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Ethambutol
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Isoniazid
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Rifampin
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Streptomycin