Pharmacological stress echocardiography (SE) has become a routine diagnostic and prognostic method in patients with ischemic heart disease. However, all stress tests can provoke undesirable adverse effects including dangerous arrhythmia. The aim of the study was to access the prevalence and types of arrhythmia that can appear during SE.
Materials and methods: A retrospective study included the cohort of patients studied using SE in our Department of Cardiology between 1995 and 2002. We followed the data of 836 patients (pts) (615 men, aged 52 +/- 5 yrs). Dobutamine SE was performed in 695 pts (83.2%) and dipyridamole SE in a group of 141 pts (16.8%). Additionally, atropine was administrated to achieve submaximal heart rate in a group of 694 pts (83%). 519 pts (62%) underwent SE was performed according to high dose protocol and in 317 pts (35%)--low dose protocol.
Results: During SE the following arrhythmia events were observed: one persistent ventricular tachycardia (0.12%) and two paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (0.24%) in dobutamine test. The set of unsustained ventricular tachycardia in six patients (0.72%) 5 patients from dobutamine group and 1 from dipyridamole group). Complex forms of ventricular extrasystoles (as bigeminy and trigeminy) in 46 pts (5.5%) 43 in dobutamine SE and 3 in dipyridamole SE. All arrhythmias were mild and withdrew spontaneously or after beta-blockers administration.
Conclusions: The risk of dangerous arrhythmia during either dobutamine SE or dipyridamole SE is small and similar in both groups. Dobutamine SE tends to provoke of mild arrhythmia (p = 0.075) more often.