9-{[3-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropylidene]methyl}adenines and -guanines. Synthesis and antiviral activity of all stereoisomers1

J Med Chem. 2006 Oct 5;49(20):6120-8. doi: 10.1021/jm0607404.

Abstract

All stereoisomers of adenine and guanine methylene-3-fluoromethylenecyclopropane analogues of nucleosides 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, 12a, and 12b were synthesized and their antiviral activities were evaluated. A highly convergent approach permitted the synthesis of all these analogues using a single intermediate 15. Reaction of aldehyde 13 with fluorotrichloromethane and tri-n-butylphosphine gave fluoroalkenes 14a+14b (83:17). Addition of carbene derived from ethyl diazoacetate gave cyclopropane 15 as the major product. Reduction (19), bromination (20), and phenylselenenylation (21), followed by Se oxidation and beta-elimination gave cis-methylenecyclopropane 22. Addition of bromine provided the reagent 23 for alkylation-elimination. Reaction of 23 with adenine led to an isomeric mixture 25a+26a that after deprotection afforded analogues 9a and 10a. The 2-amino-6-chloropurine furnished 25e+26e and after deblocking (9e and 10e) and hydrolysis gave targets 9b and 10b. Intermediate 15 provided, after debenzylation (27), 2-nitrophenylselenenylation (28), reduction (29), benzylation (30), and oxidation-elimination trans-methylenecyclopropane 31. Addition of bromine gave reagent 32. Further transformations followed the sequence outlined for analogues 9a, 9b, 10a, and 10b. Analogue 9b was effective against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV; Towne) with EC50 2.9 microM. The trans-isomer 10b inhibited AD169 strain of HCMV (EC50 15 microM) and the murine virus MCMV (EC50 2.5 microM). Compound 12a was effective against Epstein-Barr virus (EC50<0.03 microM). Analogue 9a inhibited varicella zoster virus (EC50 5.9 microM) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (EC50 5.2 microM). Analogues 9a, 10a, and 11a are moderate substrates for adenosine deaminase. The structure-activity relationships will be discussed in context with other methylenecyclopropane analogues.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adenine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Adenine / chemical synthesis*
  • Adenine / pharmacology
  • Adenosine Deaminase / chemistry
  • Antiviral Agents / chemical synthesis*
  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacology
  • Cyclopropanes / chemical synthesis*
  • Cyclopropanes / pharmacology
  • Cytomegalovirus / drug effects
  • Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral / drug effects
  • Guanine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Guanine / chemical synthesis*
  • Guanine / pharmacology
  • HIV-1 / drug effects
  • Hepatitis B virus / drug effects
  • Herpesvirus 1, Human / drug effects
  • Herpesvirus 2, Human / drug effects
  • Herpesvirus 3, Human / drug effects
  • Herpesvirus 4, Human / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Purine Nucleosides / chemical synthesis*
  • Purine Nucleosides / pharmacology
  • Stereoisomerism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Viral Plaque Assay

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Cyclopropanes
  • Purine Nucleosides
  • Guanine
  • Adenosine Deaminase
  • Adenine