A variety of traumatic lesions can occur during the neonatal period. Some of those lesions are clearly birth injuries due to delivery and others are caused by necessary procedures during intensive care in critically ill neonates. As usual patient history must be known and knowledge about the typical complications is necessary in order to select the appropriate imaging modality and thus enabling correct interpretation of those investigations by the radiologist. The purpose of this article is to present typical neonatal injuries, describe the underlying pathomechanisms and aetiology as well as the imaging findings.