We studied quantitative and functional parameters of bone marrow stem cells and mature lymphocyte population under conditions of impaired innervation in patients with injuries to the cervical and thoracic portions of the spinal cord. Our findings indicated the absence of deficiency of quantitative and proliferative potentials of stem cells and demonstrated intact subpopulation structure of mature lymphocytes and T-cell proliferative activity similar to that in donors. The content of CD34+ cells in patients did not differ from that in donors. The percentage of CD34+CD38- hemopoietic stem cells was elevated in patients, presumably due to increased proliferative activity of hemopoietic stem cells. The possibility of derivation and in vitro culturing of fibroblast-like cells with mesenchymal stem cell phenotype was demonstrated.