Abstract
Interleukin-2 was discovered in 1976 as a T-cell growth factor. It was the first type I cytokine cloned and the first for which a receptor component was cloned. Its importance includes its multiple actions, therapeutic potential, and lessons for receptor biology, with three components differentially combining to form high, intermediate, and low-affinity receptors. IL-2Ralpha and IL-2Rbeta, respectively, are markers for double-negative thymocytes and regulatory T-cells versus memory cells. gamma(c), which is shared by six cytokines, is mutated in patients with X-linked severe-combined immunodeficiency. We now cover an under-reviewed area-the regulation of genes encoding IL-2 and IL-2R components, with an effort to integrate/explain this knowledge.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator / physiology
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Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / physiology
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Humans
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Interleukin-2 / genetics*
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Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / genetics
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Interleukin-2 Receptor beta Subunit / genetics
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Mice
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NF-kappa B / physiology
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NFATC Transcription Factors / physiology
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Phenotype
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RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional / physiology
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Receptors, Interleukin-2 / genetics*
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STAT5 Transcription Factor / physiology
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Transcription Factor AP-1 / physiology
Substances
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Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein
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Interleukin-2
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Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit
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Interleukin-2 Receptor beta Subunit
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NF-kappa B
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NFATC Transcription Factors
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Receptors, Interleukin-2
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STAT5 Transcription Factor
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Transcription Factor AP-1
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Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator