Since January 26th of 1996, when our center was established, 34 children (19 boys and 15 girls) with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were treated with renal replacement therapy. Maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PO) were received by 28 and 6 patients, respectively. In our patients, the most common cause of ESRD were congenital urinary system malformations (61.7%) and glomerulonephritides (20.6%). Duration of renal replace-ment therapy varied from 6 months to 8 years. In 71.5% of children on HD, vascular access was established by arteriovenous fistula, and in the remaining--by permanent venous catheter. Adequacy of renal replacement therapy was estimated by Kt/V ratio. In patients on HD and PO, Kt/V ratios were 1.27 and 1.9 per 7 days, respectively. In 82.4% of patients, pre-dialysis arterial hypertension was observed. During renal replacement therapy arterial hypertension was diagnosed in 73.5% of children. Anemia resulting from ESRD was treated with recombinant human erythropoietin and erythropoietic medicines. In all children, recommended hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were achieved. In our patients, parameters of calcium and phosphate handling were also monitored. The mean serum intact parathormone levels in HD and PO children were 304 pg/ml and 302.2 pg/ml, respectively. We also summarized the occurrence of hepatotropic viral infections and endocrine disturbances including hypothyreosis and short stature in our patients. 3 children died due to ESRD complication. 22 (64,7%) children received cadaver-donor renal transplants.