A 60-year-old man with surgically treated nocardia pyothorax was referred to our hospital since he became drowsy. Brain MRI revealed multiple brain abscesses. His cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed increase in polymorphonuclear cells and decrease in glucose. Since he was allergic to sulfamethoxazole * trimethoprim, ceftriaxone and then minocycline were given. Minocycline resulted in dramatic improvement of neurological symtoms, MRI findings and CSF cell count. PCR analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA using his resected thoracic wall revealed that nocardia from his tissue was strain IFM0860. Strain IFM0860 nocardia was found to be sensitive to minocycline but not to sulfamethoxazole * trimethoprim and ceftriaxone. Intravenous administration of minocycline was followed by three-year per os administration of minocycline during which he had no recurrence of brain abscess. Thus, brain nocardiosis could be successfully treated with appropriate antibiotics. The lesson from the present case is that identification of the type of nocardia by PCR analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA could help accomplish tailor-made antibiotic therapy.