In in vivo study on 24 weaned piglets (8 per group), the survival rates of human isolates Lactobacillus gasseri K7 and LF221 were quantified by selective enumeration on MRS agar with rifampicin, and the presence of both strains in intestinal mucosa was examined. Faeces from individual animals were analysed for the number (cfu/g) of coliforms, lactobacilli, clostridia and both of the two probiotic strains during 2-weeks probiotic application period (5 x 10(10) cfu of individual strain/day) and 1 week after the probiotic treatment was ceased. Samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum of sacrificed animals (5th or 20th day) were also examined microbiologically. A great variability in the microflora of faeces and mucosa was observed even between equally treated animals. The survival of both Lb. gasseri strains was established by their detection in the faeces (2.5 x 10(5) to 3.3 x 10(5) cfu of K7 strain/g faeces; 4.5 x 10(5) to 5 x 10(5) cfu of LF221 strain/g). In two animals, the LF221 or K7 viable cells were found in the faeces 6 d after ceasing probiotic application. In both animals from the group fed with Lb. gasseri K7 that were sacrificed 5 d after weaning, the presence of K7 strain was found either in the mucosa of duodenum (140 cfu/10 cm2) and jejunum (170 cfu/10 cm2) or in the ileum (1600 cfu/10 cm2). LF221 cells were detected in the ileal mucosa of one piglet (820 cfu/10 cm2). The results demonstrated the capability of both tested strains of in vivo adhesion to intestinal mucosa and of temporary colonisation of the piglets' intestine.